Unix/Linux command (CLI: Command Line Interface)

# Unix/Linux command (CLI: Command Line Interface) 이걸 꼭 공부해야만 하나 하는 의구심이 들긴한다... 요새 GUI (Graphical User Interface) 가 워낙 잘 되어 있어서... 하지만 GUI 를 만드는데 비용이 많이들다보니, 더 정확한 명령, 간단한 구현을 원하는 개발자 입장에선 CLI 가 꼭 필요하긴 한듯. 특히나 개발 초기의 것들은 GUI 까지 만들어지려면 한 세월일거라... ## PH

• 2024-07-30 : First posting.

## TOC ## Simple commands ``` date // 현재 날짜 출력 pwd // Print Working Directory (현재 디렉토리 출력) cal // Calendar (달력) cal 9 2024 cal 2024 cal -j // 해당년도 1일부터의 일수를 출력 ls // List (파일 리스트 출력) ls -a // all (숨겨진 파일들까지 출력) ls -a -l // -l (long format: 속성까지 포함시켜서 출력) ls -al // 두 옵션을 합쳐서 한번에. mkdir a b // a, b 디렉토리 만들기 mkdir Sep Aug Jul // Sep, Aug, Jul 디렉토리 만들기 mkdir ~/a // Home 디렉토리에 a 디렉토리 만들기 touch file.txt // 빈 파일 만들기 touch finances.txt performance.txt // 빈 파일 두개 만들기 ```/ ## Command list (ls -al bin/) ```[.scrollable] -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 51632 Feb 7 2022 '[' -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14720 Nov 28 2022 addpart lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 6 Jan 8 2023 apropos -> whatis -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18824 Jan 17 2023 apt -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 84448 Jan 17 2023 apt-cache -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27104 Jan 17 2023 apt-cdrom -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27024 Jan 17 2023 apt-config -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 51680 Jan 17 2023 apt-get -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 28173 Jan 17 2023 apt-key -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 51680 Jan 17 2023 apt-mark -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31232 Feb 7 2022 arch lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Jun 17 2022 awk -> /etc/alternatives/awk -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 51720 Feb 7 2022 b2sum -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35328 Feb 7 2022 base32 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35328 Feb 7 2022 base64 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35328 Feb 7 2022 basename -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 47616 Feb 7 2022 basenc -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1437832 Jan 7 2023 bash -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6923 Jan 7 2023 bashbug lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Jan 28 2022 cal -> ncal lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Jan 25 2023 captoinfo -> tic -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35280 Feb 7 2022 cat -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35600 Jan 8 2023 catman -rwxr-sr-x 1 root shadow 72184 Nov 23 2022 chage -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14656 Nov 22 2022 chattr -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 59904 Feb 7 2022 chcon -rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 72792 Nov 23 2022 chfn -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 55808 Feb 7 2022 chgrp -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 55808 Feb 7 2022 chmod -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22912 Nov 28 2022 choom -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 59904 Feb 7 2022 chown -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31104 Nov 28 2022 chrt -rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 44760 Nov 23 2022 chsh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35232 Feb 7 2022 cksum -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14656 Jan 25 2023 clear -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14568 Jan 7 2023 clear_console -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43408 Dec 20 2022 cmp -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22920 Nov 28 2022 col -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14728 Nov 28 2022 colcrt -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14728 Nov 28 2022 colrm -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 39304 Nov 28 2022 column -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35336 Feb 7 2022 comm -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 141824 Feb 7 2022 cp -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 109056 Feb 7 2022 csplit -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 39424 Feb 7 2022 cut -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 129784 Dec 12 2022 dash -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 104960 Feb 7 2022 date -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 68112 Feb 7 2022 dd -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 24358 Jul 9 2022 deb-systemd-helper -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6241 Jul 2 2022 deb-systemd-invoke -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2859 Jan 8 2023 debconf -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11541 Jan 8 2023 debconf-apt-progress -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 608 Jan 8 2023 debconf-communicate -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1719 Jan 8 2023 debconf-copydb -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 647 Jan 8 2023 debconf-escape -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2995 Jan 8 2023 debconf-set-selections -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1827 Jan 8 2023 debconf-show -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14720 Nov 28 2022 delpart -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 85064 Feb 7 2022 df -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 133680 Dec 20 2022 diff -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 59920 Dec 20 2022 diff3 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 138208 Feb 7 2022 dir -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 39432 Feb 7 2022 dircolors -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31104 Feb 7 2022 dirname -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 72336 Nov 28 2022 dmesg lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Mar 23 2022 dnsdomainname -> hostname lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Mar 23 2022 domainname -> hostname -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 318176 Jan 16 2023 dpkg -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 146000 Jan 16 2023 dpkg-deb -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 125504 Jan 16 2023 dpkg-divert -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 21206 Jan 16 2023 dpkg-maintscript-helper -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 141888 Jan 16 2023 dpkg-query -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4186 Jan 16 2023 dpkg-realpath -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 104992 Jan 16 2023 dpkg-split -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 51592 Jan 16 2023 dpkg-statoverride -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43552 Jan 16 2023 dpkg-trigger -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 150016 Feb 7 2022 du -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35120 Feb 7 2022 echo lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Feb 3 2023 editor -> /etc/alternatives/editor -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 41 Oct 25 2022 egrep -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43968 Feb 7 2022 env -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 201160 Nov 15 2022 eqn lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 Feb 3 2023 ex -> /etc/alternatives/ex -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35352 Feb 7 2022 expand -rwxr-sr-x 1 root shadow 23056 Nov 23 2022 expiry -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 108960 Feb 7 2022 expr -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 72192 Feb 7 2022 factor -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 23168 Nov 23 2022 faillog -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27008 Nov 28 2022 fallocate -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 26928 Feb 7 2022 false -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 41 Oct 25 2022 fgrep -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22968 Nov 28 2022 fincore -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 208360 Aug 19 2022 find -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 69280 Nov 28 2022 findmnt -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 23024 Nov 28 2022 flock -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 39424 Feb 7 2022 fmt -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35328 Feb 7 2022 fold -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 26864 Aug 22 2022 free lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Nov 15 2022 geqn -> eqn -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 26992 Oct 7 2022 getconf -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35552 Oct 7 2022 getent -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22912 Nov 28 2022 getopt -rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 76248 Nov 23 2022 gpasswd -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 277568 Dec 15 2022 gpgv lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Nov 15 2022 gpic -> pic -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 182728 Oct 25 2022 grep -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 100864 Nov 15 2022 groff -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2776 Nov 15 2022 grog -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 170552 Nov 15 2022 grops -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 125464 Nov 15 2022 grotty -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35328 Feb 7 2022 groups lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Nov 15 2022 gtbl -> tbl -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 2346 Aug 16 2022 gunzip -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6447 Aug 16 2022 gzexe -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 97520 Aug 16 2022 gzip -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 47568 Nov 28 2022 hardlink lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 28 2022 hd -> hexdump -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43520 Feb 7 2022 head -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2514 Jan 11 2023 helpztags -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 51600 Nov 28 2022 hexdump -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31232 Feb 7 2022 hostid -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22760 Mar 23 2022 hostname lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 28 2022 i386 -> setarch -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 72168 Oct 7 2022 iconv -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 39424 Feb 7 2022 id -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 63872 Jan 25 2023 infocmp lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Jan 25 2023 infotocap -> tic -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 145936 Feb 7 2022 install -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14720 Nov 28 2022 ionice -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22984 Nov 28 2022 ipcmk -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18816 Nov 28 2022 ipcrm -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 39296 Nov 28 2022 ipcs -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14536 Nov 2 2022 ischroot -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 47656 Feb 7 2022 join -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 30952 Aug 22 2022 kill -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35200 Nov 28 2022 last lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Nov 28 2022 lastb -> last -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 28456 Nov 23 2022 lastlog -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5441 Oct 7 2022 ldd -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 199048 Feb 12 2023 less -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14656 Feb 12 2023 lessecho lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Feb 12 2023 lessfile -> lesspipe -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 24272 Feb 12 2023 lesskey -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 9047 Feb 12 2023 lesspipe -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 101896 Jan 8 2023 lexgrog -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31232 Feb 7 2022 link lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 28 2022 linux32 -> setarch lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 28 2022 linux64 -> setarch -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 59904 Feb 7 2022 ln -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 50824 Oct 7 2022 locale -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14488 Oct 28 2022 locale-check -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 322624 Oct 7 2022 localedef -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35808 Nov 28 2022 logger -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 53056 Nov 23 2022 login -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31232 Feb 7 2022 logname -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18824 Nov 28 2022 look -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 138208 Feb 7 2022 ls -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14656 Nov 22 2022 lsattr -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 141704 Nov 28 2022 lsblk -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 104832 Nov 28 2022 lscpu -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 82328 Nov 28 2022 lsfd -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 51584 Nov 28 2022 lsipc -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27016 Nov 28 2022 lsirq -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31504 Nov 28 2022 lslocks -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 47488 Nov 28 2022 lslogins -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 39296 Nov 28 2022 lsmem -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43400 Nov 28 2022 lsns -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 120224 Jan 8 2023 man -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 36248 Jan 8 2023 man-recode -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 143024 Jan 8 2023 mandb -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31520 Jan 8 2023 manpath -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 158504 Jun 17 2022 mawk -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27080 Nov 28 2022 mcookie -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43424 Feb 7 2022 md5sum lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 6 Feb 7 2022 md5sum.textutils -> md5sum -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14720 Nov 28 2022 mesg -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 68096 Feb 7 2022 mkdir -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 39424 Feb 7 2022 mkfifo -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43520 Feb 7 2022 mknod -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 39424 Feb 7 2022 mktemp -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43400 Nov 28 2022 more -rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 47488 Nov 28 2022 mount -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18816 Nov 28 2022 mountpoint -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 137744 Feb 7 2022 mv -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22912 Nov 28 2022 namei lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Jun 17 2022 nawk -> /etc/alternatives/nawk -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 37832 Jan 28 2022 ncal -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 913 Nov 15 2022 neqn -rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 40664 Nov 23 2022 newgrp -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35328 Feb 7 2022 nice lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Mar 23 2022 nisdomainname -> hostname -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 100928 Feb 7 2022 nl -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35232 Feb 7 2022 nohup -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35328 Feb 7 2022 nproc -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3293 Nov 15 2022 nroff -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27240 Nov 28 2022 nsenter -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 55840 Feb 7 2022 numfmt -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 68096 Feb 7 2022 od lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Nov 28 2022 pager -> /etc/alternatives/pager -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 59784 Nov 28 2022 partx -rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 64152 Nov 23 2022 passwd -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35232 Feb 7 2022 paste -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35328 Feb 7 2022 pathchk -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 3921152 Jan 8 2023 perl -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 3921152 Jan 8 2023 perl5.36.0 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 30968 Aug 22 2022 pgrep -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 204864 Nov 15 2022 pic lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Jan 13 2023 pidof -> /sbin/killall5 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 30968 Aug 22 2022 pidwait -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35232 Feb 7 2022 pinky lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 Aug 22 2022 pkill -> pgrep -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22976 Oct 7 2022 pldd -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35064 Aug 22 2022 pmap -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 68168 Feb 7 2022 pr -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 59880 Nov 15 2022 preconv -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31104 Feb 7 2022 printenv -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 51632 Feb 7 2022 printf -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27536 Nov 28 2022 prlimit -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 137680 Aug 22 2022 ps -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 129584 Feb 7 2022 ptx -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35328 Feb 7 2022 pwd -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14568 Aug 22 2022 pwdx lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Jan 7 2023 rbash -> bash -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 39328 Feb 7 2022 readlink -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 39328 Feb 7 2022 realpath -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22912 Nov 28 2022 rename.ul -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14720 Nov 28 2022 renice lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Jan 25 2023 reset -> tset -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22912 Nov 28 2022 resizepart -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14720 Nov 28 2022 rev -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 30 Jan 29 2020 rgrep -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 59904 Feb 7 2022 rm -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43424 Feb 7 2022 rmdir -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27176 Nov 2 2022 run-parts -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35328 Feb 7 2022 runcon lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Feb 3 2023 rview -> /etc/alternatives/rview lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Feb 3 2023 rvim -> /etc/alternatives/rvim -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10487 Nov 2 2022 savelog -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 55680 Nov 28 2022 script -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43392 Nov 28 2022 scriptlive -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35200 Nov 28 2022 scriptreplay -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 47504 Dec 20 2022 sdiff -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 113224 Jan 5 2023 sed -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2450 Jan 14 2023 select-editor -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1290 Jan 14 2023 sensible-browser -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1269 Jan 14 2023 sensible-editor -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 565 Jan 14 2023 sensible-pager -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 47616 Feb 7 2022 seq -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27288 Nov 28 2022 setarch -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 39304 Nov 28 2022 setpriv -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14720 Nov 28 2022 setsid -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35200 Nov 28 2022 setterm lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 6 Nov 23 2022 sg -> newgrp lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Dec 12 2022 sh -> dash -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43424 Feb 7 2022 sha1sum -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 51616 Feb 7 2022 sha224sum -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 51616 Feb 7 2022 sha256sum -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 55712 Feb 7 2022 sha384sum -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 55712 Feb 7 2022 sha512sum -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 51712 Feb 7 2022 shred -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 47616 Feb 7 2022 shuf -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 30952 Aug 22 2022 skill -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22768 Aug 22 2022 slabtop -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35328 Feb 7 2022 sleep lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 Aug 22 2022 snice -> skill -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 39400 Nov 15 2022 soelim -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 101168 Feb 7 2022 sort -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 52184 Feb 7 2022 split -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 80392 Feb 7 2022 stat -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43520 Feb 7 2022 stdbuf -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 76288 Feb 7 2022 stty -rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 55680 Nov 28 2022 su -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35232 Feb 7 2022 sum -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35232 Feb 7 2022 sync -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18744 Jan 25 2023 tabs -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 104864 Feb 7 2022 tac -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 68120 Feb 7 2022 tail -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 517952 Nov 20 2022 tar -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27008 Nov 28 2022 taskset -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 137704 Nov 15 2022 tbl -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35328 Feb 7 2022 tee -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14360 Nov 2 2022 tempfile -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43440 Feb 7 2022 test -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 92584 Jan 25 2023 tic -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 39872 Feb 7 2022 timeout -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18680 Aug 22 2022 tload -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22840 Jan 25 2023 toe -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 133184 Aug 22 2022 top -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 92672 Feb 7 2022 touch -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 26968 Jan 25 2023 tput -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 47616 Feb 7 2022 tr -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 739952 Nov 15 2022 troff -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 26928 Feb 7 2022 true -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35328 Feb 7 2022 truncate -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 26944 Jan 25 2023 tset -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 47616 Feb 7 2022 tsort -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31232 Feb 7 2022 tty -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 15376 Oct 7 2022 tzselect -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31104 Nov 28 2022 uclampset -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22920 Nov 28 2022 ul -rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 35200 Nov 28 2022 umount -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35328 Feb 7 2022 uname -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 2346 Aug 16 2022 uncompress -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35352 Feb 7 2022 unexpand -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43520 Feb 7 2022 uniq -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31232 Feb 7 2022 unlink -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43624 Nov 28 2022 unshare -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 59784 Jan 16 2023 update-alternatives -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14568 Aug 22 2022 uptime -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35328 Feb 7 2022 users -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22912 Nov 28 2022 utmpdump -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 138208 Feb 7 2022 vdir lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 Feb 3 2023 vi -> /etc/alternatives/vi lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Feb 3 2023 view -> /etc/alternatives/view lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Feb 3 2023 vim -> /etc/alternatives/vim -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3952384 Feb 3 2023 vim.basic lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Feb 3 2023 vimdiff -> /etc/alternatives/vimdiff -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2154 Feb 3 2023 vimtutor -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 39160 Aug 22 2022 vmstat -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22760 Aug 22 2022 w -rwxr-sr-x 1 root tty 22912 Nov 28 2022 wall -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27240 Aug 22 2022 watch -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43432 Feb 7 2022 wc -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35224 Nov 28 2022 wdctl -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 48416 Jan 8 2023 whatis -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31576 Nov 28 2022 whereis lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Nov 2 2022 which -> /etc/alternatives/which -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 946 Nov 2 2022 which.debianutils -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 51728 Feb 7 2022 who -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31232 Feb 7 2022 whoami -rwxr-sr-x 1 root tty 22920 Nov 28 2022 write lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 28 2022 x86_64 -> setarch -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 63912 Aug 19 2022 xargs -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18720 Feb 3 2023 xxd -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31104 Feb 7 2022 yes lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Mar 23 2022 ypdomainname -> hostname -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1984 Aug 16 2022 zcat -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1678 Aug 16 2022 zcmp -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6460 Aug 16 2022 zdiff -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 26912 Oct 7 2022 zdump -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 29 Aug 16 2022 zegrep -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 29 Aug 16 2022 zfgrep -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2081 Aug 16 2022 zforce -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8103 Aug 16 2022 zgrep -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2206 Aug 16 2022 zless -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1842 Aug 16 2022 zmore -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4577 Aug 16 2022 znew ```/ ## Vim 사용법 이건 별로 안쓸거 같은데... VS Code 같은게 워낙 좋아서. ``` vim [filename] // file 편집하기. esc: Normal 모드 i: Insert 모드 v: Visual 모드 :: 명령어 모드 명령어 모드 :w hello_world.txt // write :wq // 저장후 종료 :q! // 그냥 종료 y // yanked 복사 p // paste 붙여넣기 (커서 아랫줄에 붙음.) yy // 현재 한줄만 복사 2yy // 현재 줄부터 2줄 복사 100yy // 현재 줄부터 100줄 복사 d // 잘라내기 dd // 잘라내기 2dd // 두줄 잘라내기 x // 한글자 잘라내기 3x // 세글자 잘라내기 Ctrl+f // forward 페이지 단위로 이동 Ctrl+b // backward 페이지 단위로 이동 1G // 1번째 라인으로 이동 100G // 100번째 라인으로 이동 $ // 해당 라인 맨 끝으로 0 // 해당 라인 맨 앞으로 J // join 밑의 줄의 내용을 옆으로 붙인다. 땡기면서. ```/ ``` cat // concaterate: 파일 펼쳐 보기 less // 한 페이지에 파일 보기 more // 파일 내용을 확인하는 명령어들 중에 하나로, 파일을 읽어 화면에 화면 단위로 끊어서 출력하는 명령어이다. 이 명령어는 위에서 아래 방향으로만 출력 되기 때문에, 지나간 내용을 다시 볼 수 없는 단점이 있다. head // 첫 10줄 보기 tail // 마지막 10줄 보기 ```/ ## 파일 옮기기 & 이름 변경하기 Linux/Ubuntu 는 여러 사용자가 사용하는걸 기반으로 깔고 가기 때문에 Home directory 가 사용자마다 달라지게 됨. ``` cd ~ // Home directory 로 이동 mv [source] [target/destination] // 이름 바꾸기, 옮기기 mv performance.txt performance2.txt // 이름 바꾸기 mv Sep Oct // 디렉토리 이름 바꾸기 or Oct 안으로 Sep 디렉토리 옮기기 mv finances.txt Sep // 파일을 Sep 디렉토리로 옮기기 // 파일은 덮어씌워짐 경고없이 mv -i test1.txt test2.txt // 덮어씌우는거 방지 옵션 cp // copy cp test1.txt test2.txt cp -r test1 test2 // 디렉토리 복사할때 recursive 하게 하위에 있는 파일, 디렉토리도 모두 복사. cp -ri test1 test2 // interactive 하게 확인하면서 복사하기. rm // remove, Unix 의 rm 은 휴지통으로 가지 않고 바로 지워진다. 조심!!! rm test1.txt rm -r directory // 디렉토리 지울때, recursive 하게 하위에 있는 파일, 디렉토리도 모두 삭제. rm -ri directory // interactive 하게 확인하면서 지우기. rm -rf directory // Force remove ```/ 윈도우에서는 ``` rename [source] [target/destination] // 파일 이름 바꾸기 move [source] [target/destination] // 파일 이동하기 ```/ ### 절대 경로와 상대 경로 ``` cd /Home/kipid // 절대 경로. cd ~/directory // Home directory 에서 상대적으로 이동. cd ./ // 현재 디렉토리. cd ../ // 상위 디렉토리. cd ../../ // 상상위 디렉토리. cd ./sub-directory cd ../another-directory pwd // print working directory ```/ ## 외부 프로그램 설치 (apt, homebrew (iOS)) ``` apt update sudo apt update // root 계정이 아닐때, 잠시 권한 부여. Super user do. (Root Password 입력 필요.) sudo apt install mc sudo apt remove mc ```/ ``` brew install wget wget https://www.naver.com brew uninstall wget ```/ ### Homebrew 설치 ``` ```/ ## WSL (Windows SubSystem for Linux) Windows Store 에서 Ubuntu 검색해서 설치. 윈도우에서 linux 명령어들을 쓸 수 있게 해줌. cal 명령어는 안먹히는듯. 완전히 linux 랑 같진 않은듯한... ## 폴더나 파일 이름에 공백을 넣지 맙시다. 단어 사이의 구분은 - (dash) or _ (underscore) 사용. ## RRA

1. 실용적 유닉스 커맨드 - CLI 강의 | 코드잇